Sector experience
Fourteen industries, one disciplined method.
Regulatory environments differ; our method does not. Before fieldwork begins we map the statutes, directives and reporting packs your sector lives by — so nothing material is a surprise.
Select a sector below to open its dossier
01Banking & financial servicesNRB directive compliance, loan classification and IFRS 9 provisioning.
Common challenges
- Loan classification and provisioning judgement
- Integrity across high-volume transactions
- Frequent NRB directive changes
Regulatory environment
Nepal Rastra Bank directives, BAFIA licensing conditions and NFRS including IFRS 9.
Audit & tax considerations
Audit risk concentrates in non-performing loan classification, provisioning adequacy and related-party disclosure; tax follows interest income recognition and withholding on deposits.
How we support you
We run directive-compliance reviews, statutory and internal audit support, and tax computations reconciled to NRB reporting.
02InsuranceReserve adequacy, solvency margins and regulator reporting.
Common challenges
- Actuarial reserve estimation
- Solvency margin compliance
- Reinsurance accounting
Regulatory environment
Nepal Insurance Authority directives, the Insurance Act 2079 and NFRS 17 transition requirements.
Audit & tax considerations
Premium recognition, reinsurance recoveries and reserve adequacy drive both audit risk and the timing of taxable income.
How we support you
We provide statutory audit support, regulatory returns review and tax planning on investment income.
03ManufacturingCosting, inventory valuation and the excise–VAT interplay.
Common challenges
- Inventory valuation and wastage norms
- Cost of production accuracy
- Excise and VAT treatment of by-products
Regulatory environment
VAT Act 2052, Excise Act provisions, Income Tax Act 2058 and labour law for shift payroll.
Audit & tax considerations
Wastage and by-product treatment is the most frequent tax adjustment; inventory counts and costing are the centre of gravity in audit.
How we support you
We perform costing reviews, observe inventory counts, reconcile excise and deliver the statutory audit.
04Retail & distributionHigh-volume sales integrity, shrinkage and supplier rebates.
Common challenges
- POS-to-ledger completeness
- Stock shrinkage and pilferage
- Supplier rebate and scheme accounting
Regulatory environment
VAT Act 2052 invoicing rules and consumer protection regulation.
Audit & tax considerations
Completeness of recorded sales is the key audit assertion; VAT invoice discipline determines penalty exposure.
How we support you
We design POS-to-ledger reconciliations, cycle-count programmes and a VAT compliance calendar.
05Real estate & constructionPercentage-of-completion, project costing and land transaction tax.
Common challenges
- Percentage-of-completion estimation
- Project-wise cost allocation
- Capital gains and TDS on land transactions
Regulatory environment
NFRS 15, Income Tax Act 2058 capital gains and TDS provisions, and local permitting rules.
Audit & tax considerations
Revenue cut-off and completion estimates carry the audit risk; land transactions attract capital gains tax and TDS at source.
How we support you
We provide project audits, completion-percentage reviews and capital gains computations with filing support.
06HealthcareMixed revenue streams, equipment capitalisation and pharmacy stock.
Common challenges
- Cash, insurance and donor revenue mix
- High-value equipment capitalisation
- Pharmacy inventory control
Regulatory environment
Health service registration rules, VAT exemption on medical services and TDS on professional fees.
Audit & tax considerations
The boundary between VAT-exempt and taxable services, and capitalisation versus repair on equipment, are the recurring flashpoints.
How we support you
We maintain exempt/taxable revenue splits, asset registers and the statutory audit.
07EducationFee recognition across sessions, governance and grant compliance.
Common challenges
- Fee revenue across academic sessions
- Trust and society governance
- Scholarship and grant utilisation
Regulatory environment
Education rules, Social Welfare Council requirements for grants and TDS on salaries and contracts.
Audit & tax considerations
Academic-year versus fiscal-year revenue cut-off, and related-party transactions with promoters, require careful handling.
How we support you
We prepare academic-to-fiscal reconciliations, governance reviews and annual audits.
08NGOs & donor-funded organisationsGrant conditions, donor reporting packs and SWC compliance.
Common challenges
- Multiple donor reporting formats
- Grant conditionality and cost eligibility
- Social Welfare Council approvals
Regulatory environment
Social Welfare Council requirements, Association Registration Act, grant agreements and Income Tax Act exemptions.
Audit & tax considerations
Eligibility of expenditure under each grant, presentation of unspent balances and maintenance of tax-exempt status are the core tests.
How we support you
We run donor audits in international formats, SWC compliance and exemption filings.
09Public sectorAppropriation compliance, procurement rules and OAG audit readiness.
Common challenges
- Budget appropriation limits
- Public procurement compliance
- Asset and store management
Regulatory environment
Public Financial Management Act, Public Procurement Act 2063 and the Audit Act with OAG standards.
Audit & tax considerations
Regularity and propriety matter as much as the financial statements; procurement deviations are the most common finding.
How we support you
We support internal audit units, run procurement reviews and prepare files for OAG audit.
10Technology & startupsContract revenue, capitalised development and FDI compliance.
Common challenges
- SaaS and milestone revenue recognition
- Capitalised development costs
- Foreign investment and repatriation compliance
Regulatory environment
FITTA, NRB requirements for foreign payments and Income Tax Act treatment of ESOPs.
Audit & tax considerations
Revenue recognition on contracts and withholding on cross-border payments are where startups most often carry hidden exposure.
How we support you
We provide NFRS bookkeeping, a withholding map for cross-border payments and investor-ready reporting.
11HospitalityDaily revenue completeness, service charge and seasonal payroll.
Common challenges
- Daily revenue completeness across rooms and F&B
- Service charge and tip accounting
- Seasonal staffing and payroll
Regulatory environment
VAT on hospitality services, labour-law service charge rules and tourism licences.
Audit & tax considerations
Completeness of cash-intensive revenue and lawful service-charge distribution are the two audit hotspots.
How we support you
We install daily revenue reconciliations, service-charge ledgers and payroll compliance.
12Logistics & transportFleet costing, fuel reconciliation and cross-border withholding.
Common challenges
- Fleet utilisation and fuel reconciliation
- Route-wise profitability
- Withholding on cross-border freight
Regulatory environment
Transport permitting, VAT on freight services and TDS on transport payments.
Audit & tax considerations
Fuel and tyre consumption norms versus books, and TDS credits on transport receipts, decide both audit and tax outcomes.
How we support you
We build fleet costing systems, fuel reconciliations and TDS credit tracking.
13Professional servicesWork-in-progress, partner remuneration and TDS on fees.
Common challenges
- Work-in-progress valuation
- Partner drawings versus remuneration
- TDS on professional fees
Regulatory environment
TDS provisions on professional fees, VAT thresholds and partnership deed law.
Audit & tax considerations
Unbilled revenue cut-off and the deductibility of partner remuneration are the recurring judgement areas.
How we support you
We maintain WIP schedules, partner accounts and complete tax compliance.
14Energy & hydropowerConstruction capitalisation, PPA revenue and generation licences.
Common challenges
- Capitalisation of construction cost and IDC
- PPA-based revenue measurement
- Licence and royalty compliance
Regulatory environment
Electricity Act and DoED licences, water resources royalty provisions and PPA terms.
Audit & tax considerations
Interest during construction capitalisation and royalty or free-energy obligations drive both audit and tax positions.
How we support you
We provide construction-phase audits, royalty computations and lender reporting packs.
Beyond the list
Don't see your industry? The method still applies.
Cooperatives, media houses, airlines, monasteries — the discipline transfers: map the law, test the numbers, report in plain language.